Satoshi Nakamoto controls 1.096 million BTC worth $72 billion

As of June 2026, the single largest Bitcoin holding on record belongs to the cryptocurrency’s pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto. According to data from the Arkham Intel Platform, wallets linked to Nakamoto collectively contain approximately 1.096 million BTC.

The largest individual Bitcoin balance

At current prices, this sum equals an astonishing $72 billion. The bulk of these coins originated from mining activities in the earliest years of Bitcoin, accumulated across around 22,000 blocks. As reported, Nakamoto’s trove makes up roughly 5.5 percent of Bitcoin’s total circulating supply.

Glossary: The Patoshi Pattern is an analysis method that examines technical traces in the blocks mined in Bitcoin’s early days, connecting certain mining activities back to a single source. The article’s assessment of Satoshi Nakamoto-linked wallets is based on this pattern.

Arkham’s research relies heavily on this Patoshi Pattern, a mining fingerprint thought to identify addresses linked to Nakamoto. The model aligns with publicly known, historically active wallets connected to Bitcoin’s enigmatic inventor. Most of these wallets, as noted by Arkham, have remained virtually untouched since Bitcoin’s inception.

Coinbase and Strategy lead institutional holdings

On the institutional side, Coinbase stands out with a total of 970,000 BTC held in custody—one of the largest asset pools managed by an exchange or custodian. This figure includes both client balances and reserves from the company’s operating revenue. Coinbase, a leading US-based crypto exchange and custody provider, commands a significant role in global markets.

Among publicly traded companies, Strategy—formerly known as MicroStrategy—takes the lead with 847,000 BTC. This impressive stash results from regular acquisitions since August 2020. Of this, about 184,000 BTC are not held directly in on-chain wallets, but are instead in the safekeeping of Fidelity Custody.

In the ETF space, BlackRock holds a prominent position with 764,000 BTC, while Binance manages 670,000 BTC in its exchange reserves. Fidelity Custody administers 446,000 BTC on behalf of various clients, including institutions like Strategy.

Governments and anonymous wallets enter the rankings

When it comes to government holdings, the US Government tops the chart with 328,000 BTC—a figure mostly stemming from seized digital assets. The US portfolio draws on recovered funds from notable incidents like the Bitfinex hack, Silk Road investigations, and cases associated with LuBian.

The United Kingdom Government follows, with 61,000 BTC, remaining among the top official holders. Large, unidentified wallets have also surfaced globally, with at least one containing 92,000 BTC and another with 78,000 BTC, though Arkham has not definitively verified these owners.

In the private sector, Tether stands out with 97,000 BTC verifiably held on-chain, while Block.one is cited as holding 164,000 BTC, although this figure lacks on-chain confirmation. Collectively, the data illustrates the vast distribution of Bitcoin among individuals, corporations, funds, and governments worldwide.

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